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《CDC預防HIV感染病人機會性感染指南》內容預覽

In 1995, the U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) developed guidelinesfor preventing opportunistic infections (OIs) among persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); these guidelineswere updated in 1997 and 1999. This fourth edition of the guidelines, made available on the Internet in 2001, is intended forclinicians and other health-care providers who care for HIV-infected persons. The goal of these guidelines is to provide evidence-based guidelines for preventing OIs among HIV-infected adults and adolescents, including pregnant women, and HIV-exposed orinfected children. Nineteen OIs, or groups of OIs, are addressed, and recommendations are included for preventing exposure toopportunistic pathogens, preventing first episodes of disease by chemoprophylaxis or vaccination (primary prophylaxis), and pre-venting disease recurrence (secondary prophylaxis). Major changes since the last edition of the guidelines include 1) updatedrecommendations for discontinuing primary and secondary OI prophylaxis among persons whose CD4+T lymphocyte counts haveincreased in response to antiretroviral therapy; 2) emphasis on screening all HIV-infected persons for infection with hepatitis Cvirus; 3) new information regarding transmission of human herpesvirus 8 infection; 4) new information regarding drug interac-tions, chiefly related to rifamycins and antiretroviral drugs; and 5) revised recommendations for immunizing HIV-infected adultsand adolescents and HIV-exposed or infected children.

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